The origin of melena is dated to the early 19th century via modern Latinvia Greek melaina feminine of melasblack. A rough estimate is that it takes about 14 hours for blood to be broken down within the intestinal lumen therefore if transit time is less than 14 hours the patient will have hematochezia, and if greater than 14 hours the patient will exhibit melena. For this reason, melena is often associated with blood in the stomach or duodenum upper gastrointestinal bleedingfor example by a peptic ulcer.
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Only blood that originates from a more proximal source such as the small intestineor bleeding from a lower source that occurs slowly enough to allow for enzymatic breakdown, is associated with melena. Bleeds that originate from the lower gastrointestinal tract such as the sigmoid colon and rectum are generally associated with the passage of bright red blood, or hematocheziaparticularly when brisk. Colonoscopy is often first line, however.
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Lower gastrointestinal bleeding sources usually present with hematochezia or frank blood. In cases where the source of the bleed is unclear, but melena is present, an upper endoscopy is recommended, to try to ascertain the source of the bleed. Often, the first approach is to use endoscopy to look for obvious signs of a bleed. However, aside from the melena itself, many patients may present with few symptoms. In acute cases, with a large amount of blood loss, patients may present with anemia or low blood pressure. A less serious, self-limiting case of melena can occur in newborns two to three days after delivery, due to swallowed maternal blood. Urgent care is required to rule out serious causes and prevent potentially life-threatening emergencies. Melena is considered a medical emergency as it arises from a significant amount of bleeding. Causes of "false" melena include iron supplementsPepto-BismolMaaloxand leadblood swallowed as a result of a nose bleed epistaxisand blood ingested as part of the diet, as with consumption of black pudding blood sausageor with the traditional African Maasai diet, which includes much blood drained from cattle. The most common cause of melena is peptic ulcer disease.Ĭauses of upper gastrointestinal bleeding that may result in melena include malignant tumors affecting the esophagus, stomach or small intestine, hemorrhagic blood diseases, such as thrombocytopenia and hemophiliagastritisesophageal varicesMeckel's diverticulum and Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Iron supplements may cause a grayish-black stool that should be distinguished from melena, as should black coloration caused by a number of medications, such as bismuth subsalicylate the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismolor by foods such as beetrootblack liquoriceor blueberries. Comments Log in to leave a comment on Malena.Melena or melaena refers to the dark black, tarry feces that are associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Please add to or correct the information provided by other members of the Nameberry community. Find other names based on Malena using our baby name generator. Share Malena on Twitter Share on Twitter.įavorite the name Malena Favorite. Share Malena on Facebook Share on Facebook. It allows you to go beyond the similarities of a name, which can provide a lot of inspiration! Logout My Stuff Login Register. If you didn't find an alternative name that you like better than Malena, try our name generator. These 16 names were selected by our users that were looking for other names like Malena. Would you like to follow Malena? Dutch variation of Madeline.
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